HADITH’S ON SAUM (FASTING) AND THE MONTH OF RAMADAN

The Quraan was revealed in the month of Ramadaan, and therefore, it is fitting that this month should be observed for spiritual training. In this month, the doors of mercy, forgiveness and kindness are specially opened and the doors of punishment are closed up.
Sayyiduna Abu Hurayra (radi Allahu anhu) reported that the Holy Prophet (sallal laahu alaihi wasallam) said: When Ramadaan comes, the Doors of Heaven are opened. (In a narration: The Doors of Paradise are opened), and the Doors of Hell are shut up and the Devils are put under chains. And in a narration: The Doors of Mercy are opened. (Agreed)
Sayyiduna Anas bin Maalik (radi Allahu anhu) reported that at the advent of Ramadaan, the Messenger of Allah (sallal laahu alaihi wasallam) said: Verily, this month has come to you; and therein there is a night, which is better than one thousand months. Whoso is deprived of it, is deprived of all good; and none is deprived of its good except a very unfortunate man. (Ibn-e-Majah)
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Omar (radi Allahu anhuma) reported that the Apostle of Allah (sallal laahu alaihi wasallam) said: Fasting and the Quraan will intercede for a man. Fasting will say, O Allah! I denied him food and sexual satisfaction during the daytime. So make me an intercessor for him. And the Quraan will say, I denied him sleep during night, so make me an intercessor for him. (Bayhaqi)
Sayyiduna Salmaan al-Farsi (radi Allahu anha) reported that the Messenger of Allah (sallal laahu alaihi wasallam) admonished them on the last day of Shaban. He said: O men! Verily, there has come to you a magnificent Month. Allah has made its fast obligatory and the standing (in prayer) of its nights optional. (This refers to Taraweeh prayer during Ramadaan. It is according to Hanafi Madhhab Sunnat-e-Muakkadah.) Whoso comes therein with a good habit becomes like one who performs an obligatory thing in what is besides it; and whoso performs an obligatory thing becomes like one who performs 70 obligatory duties in what is besides it. And it is a month of patience; and for patience, its reward is Paradise. And (it is) a month of mutual sympathy, and a month wherein provision of a believer is increased. Whoso gives Iftaar therein to a fasting man, there is for him the like of his reward without anything being diminished from his reward.
We asked: O Messenger of Allah (sallal laahu alaihi wasallam)! Nobody of us finds means where with to give Iftaar to a fasting man.Then the Messenger of Allah (sallal laahu alaihi wasallam) said: Allah will bestow this reward on one who gives Iftaar to a fasting man with a sip of milk, or date, or a sip of water. And whoso gives satisfaction to a man, Allah will give him drink from my Fountain, which will not make him thirsty till he will enter Paradise. And it is a month of which the beginning is mercy, the middle is forgiveness and the end is freedom from the fire. And whoso makes light the (burden of) his covenanted slaves therein, Allah will forgive him, and He will make him free from the Fire. (Bayhaqi)
Sayyiduna Abdullah Ibn-e-Omar (radi Allahu anhuma) reported that the Messenger of Allah (sallal laahu alaihi wasallam) said: Verily, Paradise embellishes itself for Ramadaan at the beginning of the year to the following year. When the first day of Ramadaan appears, wind blows under the Throne from the leaves of Paradise upon the pure-eyed virgins. They say, O Lord! Give us our husbands from Thy servants. Our eyes will take solace from them, and their eyes will take solace from us. (Bayhaqi)

Sayyiduna Sahl bin Sad (radi Allahu anhu) reported that the Messenger of Allah (sallal laahu alaihi wasallam) said: In Paradise, there are eight doors of which there is a door named Rayyan. None but those who fast will enter it. (Agreed)

Sayyiduna Abu Hurayra (radi Allahu anhu) reported that the Messenger of Allah (sallal laahu alaihi wasallam) said: Whoso fasts Ramadaan out of faith and hopeful of reward, all his past sins will be forgiven; and whoso stands up (in prayer) in Ramadaan out of faith and hopeful of reward, all his past sins will be forgiven and whoso stands up (in prayer) at the Blessed Night out of faith and hopeful of reward, all his past sins will be forgiven. (Agreed)

Sayyiduna Abu Hurayra (radi Allahu anhu) reported that the Messenger of Allah (sallal laahu alaihi wasallam) said: Every good action of the son of Adam shall be multiplied to ten times like it up to seven hundred times. The Almighty Allah said, Except fasting, because it is for Me, and I shall myself compensate it. He gives up his passions and food for Me. For a fasting man, there are two rejoicing, one at the time of his breaking the fast, and one at the time of meeting his Lord, and certainly the fragrance of the mouth of a fasting man is more pleasant to Allah than the smell of musk. And fasting is a shield. So when the fasting of someone of you comes up, he shall not utter foul words, nor shall he cry hoarse. If then anybody rebukes him or fights with him, let him say: I am a man observing fast. (Agreed)

Sayyiduna Muazah al-Adawiyyah (radi Allahu anhu) reported that she asked Sayyidah Ayesha (radi Allahu anha): What is the order for a menstruating woman who fulfils her past fast but does not fulfil her prayer Sayyidah Ayesha (radi Allahu anha) said: That affected us and we were ordered to fulfil past fast while we were not ordered to fulfil past prayers. (Sahih Muslim)
Sayyidah Ayesha (radi Allahu anha) reported that the Messenger of Allah (sallal laahu alaihi wasallam) said: Whoso dies while there is a fast for him, his heir shall fast for him. (Agreed)
Imam Abu Haneefa (alaihir rahmah), Imam Maalik (alaihir rahmah) and majority of the Jurists hold that such fast will not reach the dead and that its meaning is that in exchange of fast, the heir should give alms in charity. Imam Ahmad (alaihir rahmah) sticks to this tradition literally. If death declaration is left, the heir is bound to compensate the father’s fast to the extent of half of the property left by him. Imam Abu Haneefa (alaihir rahmah) has supported this view. According to Imam Shafa?ee (alaihir rahmah), compensation must be made even with the entire property if necessary.
Sayyiduna Naafe (radi Allahu anhu) from Sayyiduna Ibn-e-Omar (radi Allahu anhuma) reported from the Holy Prophet (sallal laahu alaihi wasallam) who said: Whoever dies with a fast of Ramadaan due on him, let a poor man be fed on his behalf in place of a day. (Tirmidi)
Sayyiduna Maalik (radi Allahu anhu) reported: It reached him that Sayyiduna Ibn-e- Omar was asked, Can anybody fast for another, or can anybody pray for another He replied, Nobody can keep fast for another nor can anybody pray for another. (Muatta Imam Maalik)