TYPES OF SAUM (FAST)

Compulsory Fast

In all the principal ordinances of Islam, there are two sides, compulsory and optional. Here, we are discussing about the compulsory fast. Fard or compulsory fast comes to pass only in the month of Ramadaan. It commences with the new moon of Ramadaan and ends with the sighting of the new moon of Shawwal.

Expiatory Fast

The following fasts have been enjoined as expiation for breach of Divine Commandments:

(1) Two months successive fasting in case a Muslim killed a Muslim by mistake and the killer has no means to free a slave. (4:92)

(2) Two months successive fasting when the husband puts away the wife by saying: You are to me as the back of my mother. (58: 34)

(3) Three days fasting as expiation for breach of an oath. (5:89)

(4) Fasting if a Muslim (Ihram - clad pilgrim) kills a game. (5:95)

(5) Two months fasting for breach of one fast of Ramadaan without lawful excuse.

Compensatory Fast

Fasting has also been recommended for breach of certain minor duties as compensation.

(1) In default of charity or sacrifice of an animal, a Muslim is required to fast for three days for breach of certain duties.

(2) If one breaks the Ihram before Hajj though he observed Ihram by combining Umrah and Hajj together, he is required to fast three days during the pilgrimage and seven days after the Hajj.

(3) In case of breach of a vow, there is a fast.